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They describe how to fine-tune the resonance frequency following an initial assessment. They caution that patterns of physiological change must be compared across several breathing rates to evaluate candidate resonance frequencies. The authors explain the rationale for the resonance frequency model and provide detailed instructions on how to monitor and assess the resonance frequency. Stimulation at rates near the resonance frequency produces large-amplitude blood pressure oscillations that can increase baroreflex sensitivity over time. The central premise of the HRV biofeedback resonance frequency model is that the adult cardiorespiratory system has a fixed resonance frequency. HRV biofeedback displays both heart rate and frequently, respiration, to individuals who can then adjust their physiology to improve affective, cognitive, and cardiovascular functioning.
A healthy heart is not a metronome because it exhibits complex non-linear oscillations characterized by mathematical chaos.
HRV is an emergent property of complex cardiac-brain interactions and non-linear autonomic nervous system (ANS) processes. Heart rate variability (HRV) represents fluctuations in the time intervals between successive heartbeats, which are termed interbeat intervals. 2Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.1Center for Applied Psychophysiology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, United States.